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Most of the plant constituents, especifically phenolics, are water soluble and so the major problem for less bioavailability is the inability to cross the lipid membranes of intestine. Very often the chemical complexity of the extract seems to be important for the bioavailability of the active components. Various components of an extract may contribute to the synergistic action of the extract and treatment like purification and separation can lead to a partial loss of specific activity due to the removal of chemically related substances contributing to the activity of the main components. Many herbal drugs and herbal extracts despite of their extraordinary potential in-vitro finding, demonstrate less or no in-vivo actions due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size or both, ultimately resulting in poor absorption and poor bioavailability.

Phytochemical and phytopharmacological studies have long been established overall health boosting capacities of various plant products but there is a great interest and medical need for the improvement of bioavailability of a large number of herbal drug and plant extract which are poorly lipid soluble and so are less bioavailable. Recent developments of another Ayurveda-based technology, this time, enhancing bioavailability of drugs, have produced a revolutionary shift in the way medicines are administered. Ayurveda has made a major contribution to the drug discovery process through reverse pharmacology, with new means of identifying active compounds and reduction of drug development costs. Herbal medicine is a practice as old as mankind and during the last century chemical and pharmacological studies have been performed on a lot of plant extracts in order to know their chemical composition and to confirm the indications of traditional medicine. An attempt has also been made to compile a profile on bioavailability enhancers of herbal origin with the mechanism of action (wherever reported) and studies on improvement in drug bioavailability, exhibited particularly by natural compounds. The objective of this review is to summarize various available novel drug delivery technologies which have been developed for delivery of drugs (herbal), and to achieve better therapeutic response. Many herbal compounds including quercetin, genistein, naringin, sinomenine, piperine, glycyrrhizin and nitrile glycoside have demonstrated capability to enhance the bioavailability.

have been reported for successful modified delivery of various herbal drugs. For last one decade many novel carriers such as liposomes, microspheres, nanoparticles, transferosomes, ethosomes, lipid based systems etc. Nowadays with the advancement in the technology, novel drug delivery systems open the door towards the development of enhancing bioavailability of herbal drug delivery systems. However, many herbal drugs and herbal extracts despite of their impressive in-vitro findings demonstrates less or negligible in-vivo activity due to their poor lipid solubility or improper molecular size, resulting in poor absorption and hence poor bioavailability. Recently, the use of herbal medicines has been increased all over the world due to their therapeutic effects and fewer adverse effects as compared to the modern medicines.

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